Hub bearing is a summary of how to do daily maintenance: CNC machine tool manufacturing application data management system Autodesk launches the most comprehensive solution for manufacturing customers. Economical CNC system hardware design compound cycle cutting instruction outer diameter roughing compound cycle G71 instruction large space 3D laser scanning system CNC lathe machining spherical error analysis and elimination method Precision punching technology in car production Al-Mg and Al-Cu alloy aluminum arc welding electrode selection How to use the machining center tool length compensation function General machinery industry standard English-Chinese Comparison table (2) Processing center processing standard The first automatic wide-band gear splitting machine in China talk about the choice of inverter capacity The effective method to solve the "bottleneck" of auto parts processing Ten suggestions for CNC tool milling technology High-speed cutting Technical development and prospects CNC machine tool failure analysis Case analysis Experience introduces the processing principle of involute tooth profile Gas cutting Introduction Maintenance Daily how to bearing If checking brake lubrication Rotating tire hub bearing Car important walking machine hub axle bears negative reduction chassis running friction resistance Keep the car normal Failure of the heavy-duty wheel bearing bearing may cause noise to the bearing. Especially the front wheel is more likely to cause the direction to run out of control. The wheel bearing must be maintained on schedule. 1. Wheel bearing inspection and inspection of the hub bearing.
Hub bearings are important moving parts for automobiles. The hub axle bears the burden of reducing the frictional resistance during the operation of the chassis and maintaining the normal driving of the car. If the hub bearing is faulty, it may cause noise, bearing heat, etc., especially the front wheel is more obvious, which may lead to dangerous phenomena such as out of control. Therefore, the hub bearings must be maintained on schedule.
1. Inspection of the hub bearing
(1) When inspecting the tightness of the hub bearing, firstly, the axle of the wheel at one end of the wheel of the vehicle is inspected, and the vehicle is safely framed with a vehicle stool, a wooden cover, and the like.
(2) Turn the number of wheels to be inspected by hand to see if the rotation is stable and there is abnormal noise. If the rotation is not smooth and there is friction, the brake part is not normal; if there is no noise, the rotation is not smooth and it is loose when it is tight, indicating that the bearing part is not normal. The hub should be removed when the above abnormality occurs.
For small cars, when inspecting the hub bearings, hold the upper and lower sides of the tires with both hands, and pull the tires back and forth with both hands and repeat them several times. If it is normal, there should be no feeling of looseness and blockage; if the swing has a feeling of looseness, the hub should be removed.
(3) Inspection of the brakes. Usually when inspecting the hub bearing, check the wheel brake device. If there is oil on the inside of the tire, it may be caused by oil leakage from the brake cylinder or brake hose. The cause should be checked and eliminated.
2. Maintenance of wheel bearing
Before disassembling the hub, prepare the wheel hub for maintenance, stop the car and set up the axle to ensure the safety of the maintenance work.
(1) Remove the decorative cover and dust cover of the hub shaft head;
(2) Remove the tire nut and tire, taking care not to hurt the thread of the tire bolt. If it is a disc brake, remove the brake and use it to remove the lock ring or lock pin.
(3) Remove the hub with a special tool;
(4) Scrape the old grease in the bearing, journal and hub cavity, clean the hub bearing and journal with a cleaning agent and wipe dry with a cloth. Finally, wipe the inner cavity of the hub with a cloth.
(5) Check the hub bearing and the bearing race, and find that there are cracks, fatigue peeling and loose bearing rollers. The bearings should be replaced. If there is a pitting on the bearing race, the bearing should also be replaced.
(6) Check the matching between the inner diameter of the bearing and the journal. The matching clearance should be no more than 0.1Omm. When measuring the journal, it should be measured at the upper and lower parts of the vertical ground (the largest wear part at this place). If the fit clearance exceeds the specified service limit, the bearing should be replaced to restore the normal fit clearance. It is not allowed to burr and pock on the journal to narrow the gap.
(7) After all the parts meet the requirements, apply the grease to the inner bearing and put it in the wheel hub.
(8) When applying grease to the bearing inner cavity, be careful to squeeze the grease into the bearing until the grease emerges from the other side of the bearing. Apply a thin layer of grease to the hub cavity and the shaft cap to prevent rust. Be careful not to apply too much grease in the hub cavity, otherwise it will affect heat dissipation and braking.
(9) Put the hub and outer bearing back on the journal, screw the shaft adjusting nut by hand, and then tighten the adjusting nut with the shaft wrench according to the specified torque. After tightening the nut, turn the hub a few turns to see if the bearing is installed. On the other hand, the bearing and the race are properly matched by rotation. At this time, the bearing tightness is appropriate, and the wheel is free to rotate and the axial gap is not felt.
(10) Finally, the components such as the locking piece, the fixing nut, the tire, the dust cover and the decorative cover are sequentially installed.
(11) After the wheel bearing is adjusted, drive a mileage (about 1Okm), stop the inspection, use it to wipe the temperature of the hub. If it is hot, adjust the bearing too tightly, it should be re-adjusted to properly loosen the bearing tightness.
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星期三
Maintenance of forklift clutch release bearing
Separating bearings of internal combustion forklift clutches work frequently, and the number of damages accounts for a large proportion of common faults in forklift maintenance. According to the analysis, the high temperature of the engine is transmitted to the separation bearing, and the high-speed rotation of the bearing produces high temperature. Under such conditions, the oil is difficult to remain in the bearing, the bearing works continuously under high temperature conditions, and the lubrication condition is not good, which is frequent The cause of the damage.
The engine does not disintegrate the oil filling method. First open the clutch cover to check the wear of the separated bearing. If it is confirmed that the bearing is not damaged or the wear is not over the limit, remove the clutch pedal, adjust the connecting rod pin, and return the separating bearing and its seat back. In the final position, fill the hole in the bearing housing with a grease gun until the bearing overflows. Then turn the bearing slightly, refill the oil, repeat the above work until there is a little butter around the bearing, and then turn the bearing. Observe the amount of oil. If there is resistance to the rotation of the bearing, it is proved that the bearing is filled with butter. Then remove a small amount of butter from the separation housing and reinstall the removed pin and clutch cover.
The engine oil disintegration method disassembles the engine to expose the assembly of the separation bearing and the bearing housing, and uses a grease gun to fill the small oil hole below the inner ring of the separation bearing housing. When the bearing has a butter overflow, the bearing is rotated until the bearing has a ring. The butter can overflow.
The engine does not disintegrate the oil filling method. First open the clutch cover to check the wear of the separated bearing. If it is confirmed that the bearing is not damaged or the wear is not over the limit, remove the clutch pedal, adjust the connecting rod pin, and return the separating bearing and its seat back. In the final position, fill the hole in the bearing housing with a grease gun until the bearing overflows. Then turn the bearing slightly, refill the oil, repeat the above work until there is a little butter around the bearing, and then turn the bearing. Observe the amount of oil. If there is resistance to the rotation of the bearing, it is proved that the bearing is filled with butter. Then remove a small amount of butter from the separation housing and reinstall the removed pin and clutch cover.
The engine oil disintegration method disassembles the engine to expose the assembly of the separation bearing and the bearing housing, and uses a grease gun to fill the small oil hole below the inner ring of the separation bearing housing. When the bearing has a butter overflow, the bearing is rotated until the bearing has a ring. The butter can overflow.
星期一
Influence of machining allowance of cylindrical roller bearing outer diameter on grinding process
In the process of machining the outer diameter of cylindrical roller bearings, it is necessary to pay attention to the problem of retention and to understand the influence of the amount of grinding on the grinding process. From the perspective of impact, the future construction objectives and construction methods can be continuously improved. effect.
1. Process analysis of bearing outer ring
The machining process refers to the operation of the reference process, and the size, geometry, nature and relative position of the production object are changed in a specific way to obtain a semi-finished product or a semi-finished product. The process flow is the process, which is related to factors such as equipment conditions, product quantity, and artificial quality.
The process of machining processes is rich in content, such as raw material storage, blank manufacturing, and heat-treated parts. The process is mainly carried out in a sequence of processes. Single-piece production, mass production, and mass production are the main types of production.
1.1 anti-outer ring channel edge convex method
The outer channel of the self-aligning ball bearing is spherical, but the raceway is raised at point A. This kind of protrusion will affect the self-aligning performance of the self-aligning ball bearing, and even cannot be self-aligning, and there is a convex side on the bearing. When rotating, it will generate frictional resistance to the steel ball, which will accelerate the wear of the steel ball and reduce the service life.
The reason for this phenomenon is that the thickness of the grinding wheel is small and the grinding wheel consumes quickly at the edge of the groove. The outer ring of the self-aligning bearing of the branch is a grooved machining groove, such as 3MZ1410SA. If the thickness of the grinding wheel is smaller than the width of the outer ring, the edge of the groove will not be ground and the protrusion will be formed. In order to eliminate this defect, a grinding wheel having a thickness greater than the outer ring width of 1 to 1.5 mm may be selected.
Because the edge of the outer ring of the bearing is very sharp, and the grinding wheel consumes very fast in the process, if the processing personnel do not adjust it properly in time, it is difficult to ensure that the entire outer ring can be evenly ground. The plane is prone to high and low unevenness, which seriously affects the quality of the product. Therefore, in order to solve this problem better, the processing personnel can adjust the number of dressings appropriately, and increase the compensation amount of the dresser, so as to ensure that the blunt grinding wheel can also get a lot of corrections. In addition, due to the different processing requirements of rough grinding and fine grinding, there are also large differences in the choice of grinding wheel size. Therefore, the processing personnel must select the grinding wheel with the appropriate particle size after the final confirmation of the grinding method, so as to avoid the uneven quality of the outer ring edge of the self-aligning ball bearing.
1.2 Method for reducing the position error of the outer groove spherical surface
The position of the center of the spherical surface may not completely coincide with the position of the theoretical center, and there may be some errors. This is completely controlled by the detection method of the difference in the width of the outer ring to control the outer ring on the M7675B double end grinding machine. The mutual difference can be controlled to be small. Within the range (within 0.015mm). The center position of the outer ring sphere has been measured by the position template. The sample is divided into the maximum limit size and the minimum limit size. When the outer channel is measured on the side of the maximum limit position of the spherical position template, there is a "light gap" near the inner side of the template. There is a "light gap" on the outside. This measurement is completely dependent on visual inspection and the error is large. In order to reduce the error, the instrument is measured by D923 inner diameter measuring instrument. The height of the measuring point is generally h=3mm (the smaller the chamfering size h is, the better). When measuring, the two sides are measured. By adjusting the feeding position of the grinding wheel, both sides The closer the measurement results are, the more symmetrical the two sides of the spherical surface are, that is, the center position of the spherical surface is close to the theoretical center position. If the difference between the outer ring widths is considered, the error can be basically controlled to about 0.015 mm. By changing to the instrument measurement, the error of the center position of the spherical surface can be controlled within a relatively ideal range.
1.3 Method for guaranteeing the radius of curvature of the spherical surface
It is well known that the outer ring channel of the self-aligning ball is a circular arc-shaped spherical surface. The most fundamental purpose of this design is to ensure that the inner ring of the bearing can produce better alignment on the outer ring, although this is a basic The concept of design theory, but in the actual processing and production, there is still a certain error. Among them, poor pairing is one of the most common problems. Most of the processing personnel use the measurement method of the pistol watch when measuring the diagonal difference. The main working principle is to keep the pistol table in motion, the outer ring swing measurement, and the diagonal difference is strict. Control is within reasonable limits. At the same time, in order to control the error within the minimum technical requirements, it is necessary to ensure the consistency of the spherical curvature. Every time before the product is processed, the grinding wheel can be fully repaired, and the grinding wheel dresser is not guaranteed as much as possible during the processing. Make adjustments to improve the processing efficiency and quality of the product.
1. Process analysis of bearing outer ring
The machining process refers to the operation of the reference process, and the size, geometry, nature and relative position of the production object are changed in a specific way to obtain a semi-finished product or a semi-finished product. The process flow is the process, which is related to factors such as equipment conditions, product quantity, and artificial quality.
The process of machining processes is rich in content, such as raw material storage, blank manufacturing, and heat-treated parts. The process is mainly carried out in a sequence of processes. Single-piece production, mass production, and mass production are the main types of production.
1.1 anti-outer ring channel edge convex method
The outer channel of the self-aligning ball bearing is spherical, but the raceway is raised at point A. This kind of protrusion will affect the self-aligning performance of the self-aligning ball bearing, and even cannot be self-aligning, and there is a convex side on the bearing. When rotating, it will generate frictional resistance to the steel ball, which will accelerate the wear of the steel ball and reduce the service life.
The reason for this phenomenon is that the thickness of the grinding wheel is small and the grinding wheel consumes quickly at the edge of the groove. The outer ring of the self-aligning bearing of the branch is a grooved machining groove, such as 3MZ1410SA. If the thickness of the grinding wheel is smaller than the width of the outer ring, the edge of the groove will not be ground and the protrusion will be formed. In order to eliminate this defect, a grinding wheel having a thickness greater than the outer ring width of 1 to 1.5 mm may be selected.
Because the edge of the outer ring of the bearing is very sharp, and the grinding wheel consumes very fast in the process, if the processing personnel do not adjust it properly in time, it is difficult to ensure that the entire outer ring can be evenly ground. The plane is prone to high and low unevenness, which seriously affects the quality of the product. Therefore, in order to solve this problem better, the processing personnel can adjust the number of dressings appropriately, and increase the compensation amount of the dresser, so as to ensure that the blunt grinding wheel can also get a lot of corrections. In addition, due to the different processing requirements of rough grinding and fine grinding, there are also large differences in the choice of grinding wheel size. Therefore, the processing personnel must select the grinding wheel with the appropriate particle size after the final confirmation of the grinding method, so as to avoid the uneven quality of the outer ring edge of the self-aligning ball bearing.
1.2 Method for reducing the position error of the outer groove spherical surface
The position of the center of the spherical surface may not completely coincide with the position of the theoretical center, and there may be some errors. This is completely controlled by the detection method of the difference in the width of the outer ring to control the outer ring on the M7675B double end grinding machine. The mutual difference can be controlled to be small. Within the range (within 0.015mm). The center position of the outer ring sphere has been measured by the position template. The sample is divided into the maximum limit size and the minimum limit size. When the outer channel is measured on the side of the maximum limit position of the spherical position template, there is a "light gap" near the inner side of the template. There is a "light gap" on the outside. This measurement is completely dependent on visual inspection and the error is large. In order to reduce the error, the instrument is measured by D923 inner diameter measuring instrument. The height of the measuring point is generally h=3mm (the smaller the chamfering size h is, the better). When measuring, the two sides are measured. By adjusting the feeding position of the grinding wheel, both sides The closer the measurement results are, the more symmetrical the two sides of the spherical surface are, that is, the center position of the spherical surface is close to the theoretical center position. If the difference between the outer ring widths is considered, the error can be basically controlled to about 0.015 mm. By changing to the instrument measurement, the error of the center position of the spherical surface can be controlled within a relatively ideal range.
1.3 Method for guaranteeing the radius of curvature of the spherical surface
It is well known that the outer ring channel of the self-aligning ball is a circular arc-shaped spherical surface. The most fundamental purpose of this design is to ensure that the inner ring of the bearing can produce better alignment on the outer ring, although this is a basic The concept of design theory, but in the actual processing and production, there is still a certain error. Among them, poor pairing is one of the most common problems. Most of the processing personnel use the measurement method of the pistol watch when measuring the diagonal difference. The main working principle is to keep the pistol table in motion, the outer ring swing measurement, and the diagonal difference is strict. Control is within reasonable limits. At the same time, in order to control the error within the minimum technical requirements, it is necessary to ensure the consistency of the spherical curvature. Every time before the product is processed, the grinding wheel can be fully repaired, and the grinding wheel dresser is not guaranteed as much as possible during the processing. Make adjustments to improve the processing efficiency and quality of the product.
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